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imagine a realm where the seasons

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rhythms rule where centuries of

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agriculture and fishing have reshaped

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the land yet where people and nature

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remain in harmony sang Goro Tanaka

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lives in just such a paradise at 83 he's

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the guardian of one of Japan's secret

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water gardens over a thousand years

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towns and villages have developed a

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unique system to make Springs and water

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part of their homes from inside their

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houses the stream pours into Japan's

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largest freshwater lake near the ancient

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capital of Kyoto

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[Music]

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this is a habitat so precious the

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Japanese have a special word for it

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Sakuya villages their mountains give way

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to planes

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[Music]

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they are exceptional environments

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essential to both the people who

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maintain them and to the wildlife that

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now share them

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[Music]

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late February at Lake Biwa an area five

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times the size of Paris its year has

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four distinct seasons Reed's desiccated

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by winter winds feel the heat of spring

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they are all that remained the rest have

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gone to make roofs or screens flames

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consume both pest and weed the ash will

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prove a powerful fertilizer

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destruction creates the very conditions

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in which a wide range of species will

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eventually flourish by April new shoots

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sprout the fire and smoke have provoked

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new growth spring puts on its new coat

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meltwater cascades from the mountains

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swelling the lake till it brims over

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parched earth soaks into wetland

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[Music]

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sudden sounds split question of the day

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a chain of male cop dance after a female

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some are longer than a man's arm but

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she's bigger still heavy with eggs she

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releases her eggs up to 200,000 and

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males race to festivals

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[Music]

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for the rest of the year these carp

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inhabit the chill depths of the lake the

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sport they must seek warm shadows

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Springs rising energy is released over

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200 car crowd here today

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[Music]

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the conditions created by the firing of

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the marsh offer an ideal site for

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breeding

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[Music]

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there are only a few days a year when so

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many fish from here sangolo the

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fishermen won't miss his chance his

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methods his 20 year old boat his bamboo

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pole all are tried and tested it takes

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years to really master the art of

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punting the river crosses with fresh

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Mountain torrents but here and there

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natural springs were up from the bottom

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the marsh is a maze but to Zangaro it's

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as familiar as his garden he has some 50

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traps set in various corners

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Oh

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No

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the cop our lake B was spring gift

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sangolo only fishes from March to June

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when the shoals retreat to the lake he

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uses a simple snare of traditional

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materials

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there's not even any bait he just sinks

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a trap for the fish to swim into where

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he places it depends on the weather and

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where he thinks the fish will swim that

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day

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intuition Springs from long experience

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his Hall includes other fish as well as

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carp as they all flock to spawn in the

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shallows

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[Music]

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this trap is full of carp called

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crucians with a single trap he may net a

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dozen fish to take home

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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Soula son Goro returns he prepares the

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fish for the table the catch is usually

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sold or cooked for supper that evening

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but today he's preparing Funes sushi who

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knows who she is believed to be how

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sushi first started perhaps a thousand

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years ago it's salted and fermented

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crucian carp and rice it smells sour and

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takes a long time to make first salt

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your fish stand for three months

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mix with boiled rice to ferment leave

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another six months the ingredients rice

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and fish are the key items of the

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Japanese diet

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Sango goes home lies about two

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kilometres inland from the lake shore

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water from bore holes under the village

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is piped into the houses

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[Music]

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after it's been used the water passes

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into a man-made stream what could be a

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parent canal teams with hidden life

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as spring gives way to early summer

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aquatic plants reach for the Sun this

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one takes its name from the tree flower

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it resembles the plum flower and the

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water bottle

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[Music]

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this little stickleback has no scales

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and can only live in the clearest of

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fresh water it normally prefers cold

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northern currents this is the furthest

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south it's from

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[Applause]

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the channel also harbors some

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strange-looking creatures

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[Music]

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Brook lampreys primitive the jawless

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fish that resemble ins a river crab

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discovers just how slippery lampreys are

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the channel through the village is home

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to creatures large and small the water

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sustains people too and in turn they use

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it sustainably each home has a built-in

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pool or water tank that lies partly

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inside partly outside its walls in the

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pool lounge friendly ornamental carp a

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continuous stream of spring water is

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piped right into a basin so fresh water

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is always available

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the carp are not purely ornamental nor

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are they to be eaten

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people rinse out pots in the terrace and

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clean their freshly picked vegetables if

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they simply pour the food scraps back in

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the water they risk polluting the whole

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village supply however carp can scour

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out even the greasy or burnt pans they

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do the washing up in Satoru ARMA

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villages this traditional arrangement is

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called the riverside method it's used

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all over Japan cleaned up by the carp

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the tank water eventually rejoins the

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channel

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for some wildlife the man-made Creek

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provides an ideal place to raise young

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like this variety of fresh water goby

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a small fish about as long as a little

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finger the villagers call it the tiny

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mud crawler a male is busy excavating a

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breeding site the even bottom supplies a

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perfect hidey hole as always the best

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locations are highly sought after here

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comes another male he had like to move

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in and he's prepared to fight for it

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both do all they can to look threatening

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opening their mouths and erecting their

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dorsal fins to look bigger it's a

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victory for the sitting tenant

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[Music]

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there's another goby behind him

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[Music]

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she's hanging upside down and she's

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laying eggs the victory over the den

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gave her a place to spawn in safety

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[Music]

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the old simple life of satella ma

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communities is attracting some young

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Japanese back from the cities

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[Music]

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it's June four months after the hungry

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flames licked their reeds that rose from

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the ashes

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now reach overhead the Martian landscape

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takes on its summer look the dense

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growth is almost like a jungle a world

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filled with tiny lives each single Reed

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stem is a microcosm tiny organisms

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called pseudo plankton live on their

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surface forests of tentacles reach out

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to seize organic material

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[Music]

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earlier in spring young carp

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hatched in the flooded fields they stay

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there for about three months the reed

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beds are their nurseries where they have

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plenty to eat and are concealed from

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predatory birds an infant fish who it's

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a sudden end it's been grabbed the

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attacker is the larva of Japan's largest

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dragonfly this aggressive ambusher hides

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in sand or gravel

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only its head protrudes as it lies in

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wait for its prey it's correct name is

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the golden ringed dragonfly but to the

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Japanese and to Salgado in its handout

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form it's the king of dragonflies Jake's

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accompany apparent coot now is the best

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time to find food and about calls in

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warning the cause the coots number-one

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enemy a weasel egg thief and baby coots

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snatcher and Harris Cape waterfowl have

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to guard against foxes and snakes too

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for safety Greaves make floating

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fortresses and Kurd to firmly rooted

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plants

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an adult bird is particularly alert when

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the eggs are hatching

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each crib has its own territory and each

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nests at the same place every year

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here comes Sangala the birds know him

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already

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this is his regular route he spends two

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hours checking all the traps he said

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yesterday his work done sang Goro

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returns to the landing stage you should

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see the ones that got away

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turning muddy banks into reedbeds has

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paid dividends he has nearly 50 fish in

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all of eight different types

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Tsang Gordo won't eat the smallest fish

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he puts them aside he will share his

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good fortune this grey heron knows what

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will happen next

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Tseng Gordo finishes cleaning out his

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boat and another pair of eyes watches

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his every move

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each fishing season this kite pays

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Zangaro a visit when sang Goro

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leaves the grey heron doesn't wait any

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longer it's happy to clear up sang Goro

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left the tiddlers for the birds it's his

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way of sharing nature's riches with

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those around him

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and they are only too pleased to take

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part

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the kite will take the fish back to

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hungry chicks where the village houses

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crowd most twisted together the buffer

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gardens alone pie the talents when a

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branch is a large nest there are two

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chicks there we're developing steadily

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under the watchful eyes of the villagers

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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Tsang Gordo's gift is a token of the

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villagers close ties with wildlife force

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angora fishing is not just a job

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viewers de varela Juliana several

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Italian origin had done on the traps

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capture relatively small numbers of fish

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but this means stocks aren't depleted or

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they thought you could ever get up 700

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dollars Erin cuz we're at the as Noah

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you know as no Chino I got under that

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head turns across almost my my anything

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anthology unit taking from nature

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without exhausting its supply is

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practiced throughout subtle yama reads

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will make blinds indispensable in the

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pair of the Javanese summer

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the stems are left for a year to season

283
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then each is straightened local

284
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materials find a use locally it's five

285
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days since the gobies first laid eggs in

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the village channel

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the male is still around

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he's very protective

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keeping predators away and taking great

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care of his offspring golden eyes peer

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out of the egg capsules they're ready to

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break out the anxious father fans them

293
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keeping them oxygenated

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the newly hatched young are barely the

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size of a match head tiny as they are

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they're about to embark on a journey

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they will ride the current the two

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00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:38,019
kilometers to Lake Biwa there they will

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feed on the abundant plankton at the

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same time another new life is about to

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undergo a striking change

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[Music]

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00:27:51,170 --> 00:28:01,550
the lava of a golden ring dragonfly in

304
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the dark hidden from predators it

305
00:28:01,549 --> 00:28:05,710
quietly begins its metamorphosis

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[Music]

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00:28:34,930 --> 00:28:44,219
[Music]

308
00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:52,178
the lava is now a fully winged

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in ten days it will be sexually mature

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and ready to trigger the next generation

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[Music]

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00:29:25,059 --> 00:29:35,288
[Music]

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00:29:37,829 --> 00:29:41,309
[Music]

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00:29:47,648 --> 00:30:06,558
in the sticky heat of mid-july villagers

315
00:29:51,500 --> 00:30:11,138
gather overgrown ballasts block the

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stream time to clear the water practice

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00:30:11,138 --> 00:30:18,048
20 families band together for their part

318
00:30:14,450 --> 00:30:20,538
of the channel for the villagers it's a

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00:30:18,048 --> 00:30:25,638
welcome task their ancestors carried out

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for hundreds of years for the fish in

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00:30:25,638 --> 00:30:31,459
the creek it's a huge nuisance flushed

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out of the shady vegetation they seek

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refuge elsewhere

324
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it's the children's big moment

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00:30:45,980 --> 00:30:49,038
[Applause]

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00:31:02,789 --> 00:31:05,909
[Music]

327
00:31:20,859 --> 00:31:31,969
with wild creatures so close children

328
00:31:24,798 --> 00:31:34,398
experience nature directly fish and

329
00:31:31,970 --> 00:31:51,649
birds are an everyday part of their

330
00:31:34,398 --> 00:31:54,729
lives three months have elapsed at Tsang

331
00:31:51,648 --> 00:32:04,009
Goro's house sangalans wife chicano

332
00:31:54,730 --> 00:32:13,849
washes the fish salted in spring next

333
00:32:04,009 --> 00:32:18,129
she will bury them in rice sang Goro's

334
00:32:13,849 --> 00:32:18,129
job is the back-breaking bit

335
00:32:24,890 --> 00:32:32,070
first they lay out the fish evenly then

336
00:32:29,099 --> 00:32:34,369
they cover them they build up several

337
00:32:32,069 --> 00:32:34,369
mares

338
00:32:42,980 --> 00:32:50,120
the rice starch feeds microorganisms

339
00:32:46,829 --> 00:32:50,119
that cause fermentation

340
00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:06,539
more still no hope you know with

341
00:33:04,079 --> 00:33:09,859
nature's blessing lafoon Assoc will be

342
00:33:06,539 --> 00:33:09,859
good again this year

343
00:33:19,589 --> 00:33:25,319
after the cleanup the channel runs

344
00:33:22,079 --> 00:33:34,678
smooth and clear small-fry are

345
00:33:25,319 --> 00:33:37,230
encouraged to return the young goobers

346
00:33:34,679 --> 00:33:40,460
are now the size of a fingernail ten

347
00:33:37,230 --> 00:33:40,460
times as big as they were

348
00:33:48,929 --> 00:33:54,490
the hatchlings from the village have

349
00:33:51,819 --> 00:33:57,058
spent two months feeding on Lake beavers

350
00:33:54,490 --> 00:33:57,058
Plankton's

351
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they press on upstream no obstacle

352
00:34:08,070 --> 00:34:12,679
deters them not even vertical walls

353
00:34:24,639 --> 00:34:31,460
in laven the channel narrows and ahead

354
00:34:28,909 --> 00:34:33,700
lies something only too keen to greet

355
00:34:31,460 --> 00:34:33,699
them

356
00:34:34,210 --> 00:34:37,780
[Music]

357
00:34:39,869 --> 00:34:50,438
[Music]

358
00:34:52,750 --> 00:35:02,119
it's a Japanese tea or batter it feeds

359
00:34:59,239 --> 00:35:04,619
on fish which is unusual for terrestrial

360
00:35:02,119 --> 00:35:18,980
snakes

361
00:35:04,619 --> 00:35:18,980
[Music]

362
00:35:23,889 --> 00:35:30,460
the quick brown keelback catches the

363
00:35:27,650 --> 00:35:30,460
lazy goby

364
00:35:31,090 --> 00:35:34,769
[Music]

365
00:35:41,039 --> 00:35:47,139
[Music]

366
00:35:47,320 --> 00:35:53,390
those who escaped continue their travels

367
00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:57,159
upstream they must avoid herons and

368
00:35:53,389 --> 00:35:57,159
carnivorous fish true

369
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:10,849
the little go bees must find somewhere

370
00:36:01,489 --> 00:36:15,169
safe from ambushes they bump into a row

371
00:36:10,849 --> 00:36:23,630
of fence posts inside a carp which won't

372
00:36:15,170 --> 00:36:27,730
attack them it's the channel that

373
00:36:23,630 --> 00:36:27,730
carries away the households used water

374
00:36:28,090 --> 00:37:21,570
[Music]

375
00:37:24,018 --> 00:37:30,328
Sanga rose pool offers the young Gabby

376
00:37:27,389 --> 00:37:30,629
sanctuary even if he will have to do the

377
00:37:30,329 --> 00:37:37,760
dishes

378
00:37:30,630 --> 00:37:37,760
[Music]

379
00:37:38,509 --> 00:37:44,639
the villagers enjoy the humid days of

380
00:37:41,759 --> 00:37:47,500
late summer with their natural neighbors

381
00:37:44,639 --> 00:37:53,670
[Music]

382
00:37:47,500 --> 00:38:01,090
[Applause]

383
00:37:53,670 --> 00:38:01,090
[Music]

384
00:38:03,239 --> 00:38:10,169
[Music]

385
00:38:12,760 --> 00:38:27,550
[Music]

386
00:38:26,570 --> 00:38:40,110
[Applause]

387
00:38:27,550 --> 00:38:40,110
[Music]

388
00:38:56,570 --> 00:39:05,359
it's a drowsy afternoon the moist air

389
00:39:01,139 --> 00:39:05,358
drains everyone's energy

390
00:39:34,610 --> 00:39:40,349
the temperature of the spring water in

391
00:39:37,769 --> 00:39:41,340
the house pools remains a constant

392
00:39:40,349 --> 00:40:19,368
pleasure

393
00:39:41,340 --> 00:40:19,369
[Music]

394
00:40:23,719 --> 00:40:31,959
Oh

395
00:40:25,230 --> 00:40:31,960
[Music]

396
00:40:41,039 --> 00:40:44,400
[Music]

397
00:40:49,250 --> 00:40:52,920
[Music]

398
00:40:58,929 --> 00:41:03,768
[Music]

399
00:41:00,650 --> 00:41:03,769
[Applause]

400
00:41:07,789 --> 00:41:14,659
at last the fiery side burns itself out

401
00:41:20,010 --> 00:41:30,440
[Music]

402
00:41:25,150 --> 00:41:33,710
autumn brings welcome fresh breezes it's

403
00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:41,298
time to gather rice the staple food of

404
00:41:33,710 --> 00:41:44,030
the Japanese as the rice dries in the

405
00:41:41,298 --> 00:41:47,259
autumn Sun the smell of hay spreads

406
00:41:44,030 --> 00:41:47,260
across the fields

407
00:41:55,010 --> 00:42:02,640
with the harvest in the time has come to

408
00:41:59,130 --> 00:42:16,760
give thanks sang Goro picks to live fish

409
00:42:02,639 --> 00:42:20,129
from the house pool they will survive

410
00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:24,390
but tomorrow is the day the god of the

411
00:42:20,130 --> 00:42:26,369
rice paddy goes back to the mountains he

412
00:42:24,389 --> 00:42:30,150
won't depart without being given

413
00:42:26,369 --> 00:42:33,829
offerings rice cakes sake white radishes

414
00:42:30,150 --> 00:42:33,829
and the fresh fish

415
00:42:40,449 --> 00:42:45,149
Tsang Gorrell believes that the god of

416
00:42:42,639 --> 00:42:48,608
his rice paddy will eat before leaving

417
00:42:45,150 --> 00:42:51,930
the god will return next spring when

418
00:42:48,608 --> 00:42:51,929
rice is sown again

419
00:43:00,650 --> 00:43:08,180
each element in nature has its own God

420
00:43:03,889 --> 00:43:14,690
every tree rock and stream 8 million

421
00:43:08,179 --> 00:43:18,009
gods of nature in all prayer and ritual

422
00:43:14,690 --> 00:43:20,860
express sang Goro's gratitude

423
00:43:18,010 --> 00:43:24,970
he's almost totally self-sufficient

424
00:43:20,860 --> 00:43:24,970
thanks to the gifts of nature

425
00:43:29,340 --> 00:43:34,579
it's December winters harshness lose

426
00:43:40,088 --> 00:43:48,538
bitter winds start to gust from the lake

427
00:43:43,028 --> 00:43:48,539
sturdy green gives way to brittle gold

428
00:43:49,498 --> 00:43:54,569
nine months have passed since the

429
00:43:52,539 --> 00:43:57,679
scorched earth sent out shoots

430
00:43:54,570 --> 00:43:57,679
[Music]

431
00:44:02,179 --> 00:44:10,538
now the reeds saw above the slender

432
00:44:06,349 --> 00:44:10,539
stems will make screens and thatch

433
00:44:31,960 --> 00:44:48,730
the farmers cut carefully they don't

434
00:44:34,989 --> 00:44:51,869
snap or bend the long stalks practice

435
00:44:48,730 --> 00:44:51,869
has made them perfect

436
00:44:56,539 --> 00:45:01,208
[Music]

437
00:45:10,289 --> 00:45:17,190
[Music]

438
00:45:14,480 --> 00:45:21,420
they heap of the bundles into a

439
00:45:17,190 --> 00:45:23,820
tent-like shape called a round stand the

440
00:45:21,420 --> 00:45:24,349
stands will be left to dry all through

441
00:45:23,820 --> 00:45:37,199
the winter

442
00:45:24,349 --> 00:45:37,199
[Music]

443
00:45:41,190 --> 00:45:46,900
[Music]

444
00:45:43,619 --> 00:45:49,358
the stones are visible reminders of the

445
00:45:46,900 --> 00:45:51,539
taste connection between the farmers and

446
00:45:49,358 --> 00:45:58,639
the environment they have created

447
00:45:51,539 --> 00:45:58,639
[Music]

448
00:46:07,349 --> 00:46:12,619
winter rips the north of Lake Biwa

449
00:46:20,730 --> 00:46:25,789
the reedbeds shown no sign of life

450
00:46:34,239 --> 00:46:44,089
but even snow can't totally erase the

451
00:46:38,690 --> 00:46:48,369
traces of spring in San Goro's house the

452
00:46:44,090 --> 00:46:48,370
local delicacy is finally ready

453
00:46:51,610 --> 00:46:58,370
he caught the carp in his trap in spring

454
00:46:55,059 --> 00:47:00,889
he and his wife salted them and when

455
00:46:58,369 --> 00:47:04,489
summer came covered them in rice to

456
00:47:00,889 --> 00:47:06,519
ferment now a further six months have

457
00:47:04,489 --> 00:47:06,519
passed

458
00:47:10,420 --> 00:47:21,230
they will eat both fish and rice inside

459
00:47:15,739 --> 00:47:32,029
is more evidence of nature's bounty the

460
00:47:21,230 --> 00:47:34,190
orange eggs son Goro

461
00:47:32,030 --> 00:47:42,470
invites his neighbors to share the

462
00:47:34,190 --> 00:47:45,889
fuller sushi after half a year of

463
00:47:42,469 --> 00:47:52,039
maturing the fish has a sour taste of

464
00:47:45,889 --> 00:47:57,139
cheese slow food that is endlessly

465
00:47:52,039 --> 00:48:00,289
satisfying preparation preservation and

466
00:47:57,139 --> 00:48:02,449
finally appreciation the precious

467
00:48:00,289 --> 00:48:09,500
pleasures of people living at close to

468
00:48:02,449 --> 00:48:12,379
nature right next to their dining room

469
00:48:09,500 --> 00:48:16,599
there is the basin full to the brim it's

470
00:48:12,380 --> 00:48:16,599
cool in summer warm in winter

471
00:48:24,579 --> 00:48:30,949
the Japanese describe tight-knit

472
00:48:27,369 --> 00:48:36,469
relationships as being as close as water

473
00:48:30,949 --> 00:48:44,750
and fish intimate and inseparable like

474
00:48:36,469 --> 00:48:48,169
the pool and this little refugee the

475
00:48:44,750 --> 00:48:50,469
Dobby sits in a quiet corner waiting for

476
00:48:48,170 --> 00:48:50,470
spring

477
00:49:07,369 --> 00:49:12,579
March finally comes round again the

478
00:49:13,150 --> 00:49:17,150
reedbeds have stepped throughout the

479
00:49:15,739 --> 00:49:20,239
winter now

480
00:49:17,150 --> 00:49:22,389
the first rays of Sun coax warmth into

481
00:49:20,239 --> 00:49:22,389
them

482
00:49:30,079 --> 00:49:45,180
once more the silence yields to sounds

483
00:49:34,739 --> 00:49:50,838
of life as the rhythm of the Year picks

484
00:49:45,179 --> 00:49:50,838
up so do lives human and animal

485
00:49:55,179 --> 00:50:02,539
the Japanese have another saying water

486
00:49:58,670 --> 00:50:06,610
comes the fish live they mean that when

487
00:50:02,539 --> 00:50:06,610
the right time comes everything

488
00:50:14,079 --> 00:50:21,779
Salgado knows that in the way of Sabu

489
00:50:17,199 --> 00:50:21,779
Yama everything has its season

490
00:50:22,489 --> 00:50:30,659
[Music]

491
00:50:31,210 --> 00:50:38,309
together sattell yama people and nature

492
00:50:35,079 --> 00:50:41,890
we've life into a seamless fabric

493
00:50:38,309 --> 00:50:45,180
blessed by water circling on its journey

494
00:50:41,889 --> 00:50:45,179
without end

495
00:50:49,670 --> 00:51:00,380
new season new year a new cycle or begin

496
00:50:55,559 --> 00:51:42,280
in Japan's secret water garden

497
00:51:00,380 --> 00:51:42,610
[Music]

498
00:51:42,280 --> 00:51:48,900
you

499
00:51:42,610 --> 00:51:48,900
[Music]

500
00:51:56,300 --> 00:51:58,360
you